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Signal Transduction

The movement of signals from the outside of a cell to the inside. Scientists are attempting to learn more about this process in cancer cells in order to fight the disease,

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

A DNA sequence variation that occurs when a single nucleotide—A, T, G or C—in the genome differs between members of a species. Variations in the DNA sequences of humans can affect how humans develop diseases and respond to pathogens, chemicals, drugs, vaccines and other agents.

Southern Blotting

Transfer by absorption of DNA fragments separated in electrophoretic gels to membrane filters for detection of specific base sequences by radiolabeled complementary probes.

Stem Cell

Undifferentiated, human cells with the ability both to multiply and to differentiate into specific cells.