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Mass Spectrometry (MS)

An analytic technique for determination of the elemental composition of a sample or molecule. It is also used for determining the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides or proteins. MS consists of ionizing chemical compounds to generate charged molecules or molecule fragments, then measuring their mass-to-charge ratios.

Media

Nutrient-rich substances in which cells are grown.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A polynucleotide copy of a DNA gene that communicates the code for building a protein to ribosomes so that new proteins can be built.

Microarray

A tool that enables analysis of the levels of expression of genes in an organism or comparison of gene-expression levels.

Monoclonal Antibody

An antibody produced by cells that are all derived from a single antibody-producing cell. Once a cell capable of generating an antibody with desired therapeutic characteristics is selected, laboratory processes are used to clone (make large numbers of) these cells. Since the cells are all identical and are produced by cloning one specific cell in great numbers, they are called monoclonal and can be used to continuously produce identical antibody molecules with these same therapeutic characteristics.